Yep plain C code, so will be the same syntax as the Arduino.
As for books, not sure really perhaps
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Sams-Teach-Your ... s_403982_1Teach yourself the basics of C using your PC and learn the syntax, variable types and pointers. It sounds as if you might already know a lot of this.
Once you are comfortable with that, transferring the knowledge to working with an ARM processor isn't too hard. The difference with running code on an ARM chip compared with a PC is the lack of an operating system. You have raw control over the peripherals, you do this by setting or clearing bits in registers. Registers are just values at certain memory addresses. IDE's and Chip manufactures try to make accessing these registers as easy as they can by giving you library's, like CMSIS, which give these special function registers names. Rather than a just long addresses.
Then there's interrupts, you can tell a peripheral (UART, ADC, GPIO etc...) that you want to be interrupted when something happens. The processor stops the code it was running and jumps to the code in your interrupt. When its finished executing the interrupt code it returns to where it left. For basic code/projects you can probably get by with out using them and just focus on a simple linear code.
You can start simple, toggling an LED say. for that you will need to learn about timing and using a processor pin as a general purpose input/output.
I've started a guide on that here :
http://www.soldersplash.co.uk/products/ ... -lpc-gpio/I'll help where I can